The influence can go deeper, extending to the exchange of even basic characteristics of a language such as morphology and grammar. Armenian borrowed so many words from Iranian languages, for example, that it was at first considered a divergent branch of the Indo-Iranian languages and was not recognised as an independent branch of the Indo-European languages for many decades. Some languages have borrowed so much that they have become scarcely recognisable. The large-scale importation of words from Latin, French and other languages into English in the 16th and the 17th centuries was more significant. Much is made about the contemporary borrowing of English words into other languages, but this phenomenon is not new, and it is not very large by historical standards. The most common way that languages influence each other is the exchange of words. Multilingualism has likely been common throughout much of human history, and today most people in the world are multilingual. In many other cases, contact between speakers occurs but the lasting effects on the language are less visible they may, however, include loan words, calques or other types of borrowed material. The common products include pidgins, creoles, code-switching, and mixed languages. Language contact occurs in a variety of phenomena, including language convergence, borrowing and relexification. Language contact can occur at language borders, between adstratum languages, or as the result of migration, with an intrusive language acting as either a superstratum or a substratum. When speakers of different languages interact closely, it is typical for their languages to influence each other.
The study of language contact is called contact linguistics. Language contact occurs when speakers of two or more languages or varieties interact and influence each other. Sociolinguistic process influencing language evolution
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